Or so says U.S. District Judge Reggie B. Walton. You might remember Hoda Muthana: she left college in the U.S. to travel to Syria and support ISIS. She has now renounced her ISIS activities and wishes to return to the U.S.
One thing that is interesting about this story is how it is being portrayed in the media. Left-leaning sources portray this as an example of the evil, callous nature of the Trump administration, since they refuse to let Hoda return to the United States. Right-leaning sources, however, are quick to point out that it was not the Trump administration that cancelled Hoda’s passport claiming she was not a citizen – it was the Obama administration.
Here’s the meat of the story from a compilation of several sources (here, here and here, for starters):
Hoda was born in the U.S. to foreign parents. Her father was in the U.S. as a diplomat represented Yemen in the United Nations, but claims that his service for Yemen ended before Hoda was born. This is an important point because children born of diplomats enjoying diplomatic immunity are not “…subject to the jurisdiction…” of the United States and are therefor not beneficiaries of the 14th amendment’s citizenship grant to those born in the U.S.
Unfortunately for Hoda, the United States disagrees. According to the law, Hoda’s father enjoyed diplomatic immunity until the UN notified the U.S. that his service had terminated, which occurred after Hoda’s birth. Here’s where it gets interesting: While Hoda’s father claims that he was no longer a diplomat when she was born, and Yemen agrees that his service terminated prior to Hoda’s birth, the UN did not notify the U.S. until 1995. As a result, Hoda’s father still enjoyed diplomatic immunity under the laws of the United States (and thus his children born during this time are not afforded U.S. citizenship). It is important to note that diplomatic immunity for UN diplomats is terminated only when the UN notifies the Unites States, irrespective of the claimed date of termination by the originating country.
This method of determining diplomatic immunity for UN representatives – when the host state is officially notified by the UN – is critical for a fair and impartial system. If immunity was conferred solely on the claims of the originating country the system would be ripe for corruption. For instance, a foreign national arrested for a crime could be protected from prosecution simply by having his country make the claim that he was acting in a diplomatic position at the time. Alternatively, if a foreign national wanted the children born under his tenure as a diplomat to be considered U.S. citizens, he could request that his country back-date his service termination to a time before their birth. The only way to protect the system from such abuses is for a neutral 3rd party record keeper to be between the source and host countries – in this case, that 3rd party is the UN. This is why the dates for coverage of diplomatic immunity for UN diplomats are based solely on when the host state is notified of the status change by the UN.
An interesting read on the government’s case against Muthana (actually, against a case brought by her father) can be found here.